Use the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Levels or the American Association of Critical Care Nurses:
| Level | Description |
|---|---|
| A | Meta-analysis of multiple controlled studies or metasynthesis of qualitative studies with results that consistently support a specific action, intervention, or treatment |
| B | Well-designed controlled studies, both randomized and nonrandomized, with results that consistently support a specific action, intervention, or treatment |
| C | Qualitative studies, descriptive or correlational studies, integrative reviews, systematic reviews, or randomized controlled trials with inconsistent results |
| D | Peer-reviewed professional organizational standards, with clinical studies to support recommendations |
| E | Theory-based evidence from expert opinion or multiple case reports |
| M | Manufacturer’s recommendation only |
Discover how to use the PICO statement to find relevant articles:
